木香 木香片 Mu Xiang / Radix Saussureae / Radix Aucklandiae

辛、苦，温。

归脾、胃、大肠、三焦、胆经。

行气止痛，健脾消食。

用于胸胁、脘腹胀痛，泻痢后重，食积不消，不思饮食。煨木香实肠止泻。用于泄泻腹痛。

1、《经验方》反胃转食：地龙粪一两，木香三钱，大黄七钱。为末。每服五钱，无根水调服。忌煎爆酒醋椒姜热物。一、二服，其效如神。

2、《圣济录》：肾脏气发攻心，面黑欲死，及诸气奔豚喘急。铅二两，石亭脂二两，丁香一两，木香一两，麝香一钱。先化铅炒干，入亭脂急炒，焰起以醋喷之，倾入地坑内覆住，待冷取研，粟饭丸芡子大。每用二丸，热酒化服，取汗或下或通气即愈。如大便不通，再用一丸，入玄明粉五分服。

3、《杨仁斋直指方》慢脾惊风，利痰奇效：用开元通宝钱背后上下有两月痕者，其色淡黑，颇小。以一个放铁匙上，炭火烧四围上下，各出珠子，取出候冷，倾入盏中，作一服，以南木香汤送下，或人参汤亦可。钱虽利痰，非胃家所好，须以木香佐之。

煎服，3～6g。生用行气力强，煨用实肠止泻，用于泄泻腹痛。

1、《本草纲目》：心腹一切滞气。和胃气，泄肺气，行肝气。凡气郁而不舒者，宜用之。

2、《本经》：邪气，辟毒疫温鬼，强志，主淋露。久服不梦寤魇寐。

3、《别录》：消毒，杀鬼精物，温疟蛊毒，气劣气不足，肌中偏寒，引药之精。

4、《本草求真》：下气宽中，为三焦气分要药。然三焦则又以中为要。中宽则上下皆通，是以号为三焦宣滞要剂。至书所云能升能降，能散能补，非云升类升柴，降同沉重，不过因其气郁不升，得此气克上达耳。况此苦多辛少，言降有余，言升不足，言散则可，言补不及，一不审颐，任书混投，非其事矣。

Radix Aucklandiae (Muxiang in Chinese), the dried root of Aucklandia lappa, is used as a medicinal material for digestive system disorders in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Owing to the similarity of morphologies and trade names, Radix Vladimiriae (Chuan-Muxiang), the roots of Vladimiria souliei and V. souliei var. cinerea, and Radix Inulae (Tu-Muxiang), the roots of Inula helenium and Inula racemosa, as well as the renal toxic aristolochic acid containing Radix Aristolochiae (Qing-Muxiang), the roots of Aristolochia debilis and Aristolochia contorta, are often used confusedly as the substitutes of Radix Aucklandiae. In order to ensure the effective and safe utility of Radix Aucklandiae, a GC-MS method was developed to generate the chemical profiles of essential oils of Radix Aucklandiae and its substitutes. In addition, hierarchical clustering analysis was used to compare the similarities of these chemical profiles. It was found that all the samples of A. lappa have similar chemical profiles and were clustered into one group, while the samples of Radix Vladimiriae, Radix Inulae, and Radix Aristolochiae were clustered into their own independent groups, respectively, suggesting that together with hierarchical clustering analysis, chemical profiles of essential oils generated by GC-MS could objectively discriminate Radix Aucklandiae from its common substitutes.